Protection of lakes and lakelands: problems, processes, perspectives

Abstract

Mosaic structure ('patch' spatial pattern) and processes (nutrient and organic matter transport and removal, exchange of organisms) in postglacial lakeland areas (Northern and Eastern Poland) were evaluated. The importance of the lake-river systems, forest islands, wetlands and ecotones (transition zones between ecosystems) in these processes was underlined as well as in sustaining by them the biological and landscape diversity. The main endangerings connected with human impact, agricultural management, forest fragmentation, water pollution and global warming were indicated. Selected results of the former national and European research projects performed in lakeland areas were mentioned. The general guidelines for landscape management around the lakes were formulated e.g. appropriate patch composition, arrangement of protection zones with restoration of wetland, permanent biomonitoring and establishment of natural reserves as components of the European system NATURA 2000.