Mechanisms of the energy homeostasis of organism. Part II: Peripheral regulation and psychophysiological aspects

Abstract

Food intake is regulated by numerous signal substances. Their main source are the digestive organs of alimentary system and fatty tissue. The goal of the second part of the article is to present peripheral mechanisms of regulation of food intake and the influence of psychological factors and human functioning in a specific cultural context on nutrition. Many of peripherally synthesized signal substances have an ability to cross blood-brain barrier, which means that , apart from local influence, they participate in central regulation. The compounds of the largest spectrum include leptin, insulin and ghrelin. The cells of fatty tissue, depending on their location and type, show diverse endocrine activity. White, brown, beige, pink and yellow adipocytes are distinguished. The first one have the most numerous populations and have the highest share in regulation of food intake. In the process of choosing food, cognitive control is also important that makes it possible to combine energy needs and hedonistic motivation with personal beliefs, aspirations and social norms.