Kretowate talpidae - rozmieszczenie oraz klasyfikacja w świetle badań genetycznych i morfologicznych

Abstrakt

The article presents current systematics of moles Talpidae based on latest genetical and morphometrical investigation. There were some changes into ordo Insectivora and now two families: moles Talpidae and shrews Soricidae create ordo Soricomorpha together with family Solenodontidae and extinct family Nesophontidae. Subfamilia Talpinae includes genus Talpa, which is present in Europe, Euroscaptor, Parascaptor, Scaptochirus, that are inhabitant Asia and Mogera living in Japan. More information about Euroscaptor, Parascaptor, Scaptochirus and Mogera is showed in table number 3. The paper also concerns the problems of occurience and geographical range of currently living Talpa moles in relation to historical processes of speciation and radiation. There are nine species of Talpa moles nowadays. Four of them (T. altaica, T. caucasica, T. levantis and T. davidiana) occupy the area of Asia from Middle East to the Altai Mountains. Europe is inhabited by next five species (T. europaea, T. caeca, T., romana, T. occidentalis and T. stankovici). Their current location is connected with last glaciations in Pleistocen. There is only one species, T. europaea, in Poland. It is widely distributed from seacoast to Tatra Mountains. It occupies almost all types of habitats included meadows, arable fields, pastures and woodlands. Rocky, stony and very sandy solils are not prefered by European mole. The article also presents factors influencing the presence and spatial distribution of European mole Talpa europaea.