Struktura chromatyny a powstawanie i naprawa uszkodzeń DNA

Abstrakt

Summary Chromatin structure modulates the rate of DNA damage formation and repair in different regions of eukaryotic genomes. Chromatin rearrangement takes place during repair to increase accessibility of damage to repair proteins. Activity of histone acetyltransferases and chromatin remodeling complexes seems to be essential for nucleosome rearrangement during repair. Once repair is completed, reconstitution of nucleosomes is required to recover primary chromatin structure. Such chromatin assembly is coupled to repair DNA synthesis. DNA damages induce some modifications to chromatin structure (e.g. phosphorylation of a histone H2A variant in response to DNA double-strand breaks). Such chromatin modifications may serve as signals recognized by DNA repair systems.